Civil Engineering is a professional career and the mother of all Engineering courses and it deals with the construction, design and maintenance of physically and naturally built environment such as roads, bridges, canals, dams airports, sewage systems, and railways. And the main function of a civil engineer is to design, construct and maintain infrastructure projects as i have mention.
The main discipline of civil engineering are Structural Engineering , Geotechnical Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Water Resources Engineering, Environmental Engineering and Construction Engineering. Structural Engineering: Focuses on designing and analyzing structures . Applications include bridges, buildings, and towers. Geotechnical Engineering: Studies soil and rock behavior to inform foundation design and earthworks. Transportation Engineering: Involves planning and designing transportation systems, such as roads, railways, and airports, to optimize traffic flow and safety. Water Resources Engineering: Deals with the management of water resources, including designing dams, and drainage systems to prevent flooding and ensure water supply. Environmental Engineering: Focuses on improving and protecting the environment through waste management, pollution control, and sustainable design practices. Construction Engineering: Takes the planning and execution of construction projects, management of labor, materials, and costs.
Infrastructure refers to basic facilities and systems in our community and economy for a quality of life examples are transportation networks, water supply, sewage systems and energy grids and of course, Civil engineering plays the major role of constructing it.
Infrastructure influences the growth of a country’s development by enhancing connectivity, improving access to essential services, and boosting economic activities. It facilitates trade, attracts investments, and fosters job creation, ultimately leading to higher living standards. Additionally, well-developed infrastructure can enhance social equity and promote sustainable development .
I will attach the sketch below.
These are the classification of roads according to our discussion last time, Based on size ( Single, Double, Four, Six Lane Roads); Based on National (National Highways, State Highways, Major District Roads, Minor & Other District Roads, Village Roads); Based on type of road surface (Bituminous Road, Concrete Road, Wtaer bound macadam road, mud road)
I will attach sketch below mam.
Classification of dams are these: Based on size ( small 10m high, Medium 10-25m high, Large 25m high, major150m high) based on function and purpose (hydro electric, irrigation,water supply, flood control, habitat for fisshes and wild life, effluent) based on material used(masonry,concrete, timber,steel, earth, rockfill, composite) .Based on action (Gravity, arch, saddle, check, diversion, overflow, cofferdam)
Roads: Facilitate the movement of people and goods, connect communities, and support economic activities. Bridges: Provide crossings over obstacles like rivers or valleys, enhancing transportation networks and accessibility. Dams: Control water flow, store water for irrigation and drinking, generate hydroelectric power, and help prevent flooding.
i will attach sketch below.
The classification of bridge are beam bridges, cantilever, arch, suspension, cable-stayed and truss.
