IMPORTANT NOTES

Synonyms are words which are related to
each other or simply have the same meaning.

• • • can be any part of speech
      such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
      or prepositions

Antonyms are words which are
opposite in their meanings

CATEGORIES OF ANTONYM:

• • • Graded Antonyms – a word pairs
      whose meanings are opposite and which lie
      on a continuous spectrum
    • Complementary Antonyms – words have a
      relationship where there are no middle
      ground.
    • Relational Antonyms – are sometimes
      considered a subcategory of complementary
      antonyms. With these pairs, for there to be a
      relationship, both must exist.

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Idiomatic Expressions:

• • • An idiom is an expression that has
      become acceptable in the English language
      even if it is peculiar in meaning and
      construction.
      • “Time flies when you’re having fun”

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Denotation: The Literal Meaning

Connotation: The Implied Meaning, encompasses the emotional
associations, cultural implications, and subjective meanings that attach
to a word beyond its literal definition.

• • • Subjective -Influenced by personal
      experience and cultural
      context.
    • Emotional -Can evoke positive,
      negative, or neutral
      feelings.
    • Cultural -Shaped by shared understanding within a society
• Clear Communication -Avoid misunderstandings by understanding the intended meaning.
• Targeted Meaning -Utilize connotation to create desired effects in writing or
  speech.
• Critical Tinking -Analyze and identify bias in language and media.

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• SIMILE
  – Comparing two (2) unlike things using like or as.
• METAPHOR
  – Comparison between two (2) unlike things that
  actually have something important in common
• PERSONIFICATION
  – Representing an inanimate object or an
  abstract idea as a person and endowing it with
  human traits.
• HYPERBOLE
  – It is a major exaggeration or overstatement.
  Authors use this figures of speech to
  emphasize a point or humor.
• OXYMORON
  – A figure of speech in which incongruous or
  contradictory terms appear side by side.
• PARADOX
  – A statement that appears to contradict itself
• APOSTROPHE
  – The addressing of a usually absent person
  therefore the subject is not present or
  inanimate.
• ONOMATOPOEIA
  – A word that sounds like its meaning. It can
  also be described as the use of the word which
  imitates a sound such as screech, whirr,
  crunch, bang, roar, growl, click, snap and pop.
• ALLITERATION
  – The repetition of beginning consonant sounds
  and frequent recurrence of the same initial
  letter or sound.
• IRONY
  – A situation that is strange or funny because
  things happen in a way that seems to be the
  opposite of what you expected.