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Algorithmic and High-Frequency Trading:
a. Quantitative Models: Traders use mathematical algorithms to make high-frequency trades. These models are based…
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Portfolio Optimization:
a. Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT): Developed by Harry Markowitz, MPT uses mathematical optimization to select…
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Risk Management:
a. Value at Risk (VaR): VaR measures the potential loss in value of a portfolio…
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1. Pricing Financial Instruments:
a. Option Pricing: Black-Scholes Model: This widely-used model estimates the price of options. It involves…
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Application & Appreciation of Mathematics
In The Market Application 1. Pricing Financial Instruments: 2. Risk Management: 3. Portfolio Optimization: 4.…
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Challenges and Future Directions
Challenges: The Philippines faces ongoing challenges related to infrastructure development, including dealing with natural disasters,…
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Key Figures and Institutions
Key Figures: Various individuals have made significant contributions to civil engineering in the Philippines, including…
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Post-Independence Era
Post-Independence (1946-Present): After gaining independence in 1946, the Philippines continued to develop its infrastructure to…
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American Colonial Period
American Period (1898-1946): The arrival of the Americans brought a more modern approach to civil…
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Pre-Colonial and Spanish Colonial Period
Pre-Colonial Period: Early Filipinos engaged in basic civil engineering through the construction of rice terraces,…
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History of Civil Engineering In The Philippines
Pre-Colonial and Spanish Colonial Period American Colonial Period Post-Independence Era Key Figures and Institutions Challenges…
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Role of Civil engineers in Infrastructural development
Construction of roads, railway, ports, harborsand airports Construction of dams and proper utilization ofwater resources.…
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Impact of infrastructural facility on socio-economic growth of a nation
Large scale budget allocation for infrastructure leads to agricultural and industrial developments. Provide employment, eradicates…
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Impact of infrastructural development of a country
Increase in food production Protection from drought, famine, flood Healthy and comfortable housing facility Safe…